Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease (CRD), is a gradual decline of renal function over a span of months or years.
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located in the abdominal cavity. It is essential for the urinary system and also serves homeostatic functions such as electrolyte control, acid-base balance management, and blood pressure regulation (via maintaining salt and water balance.
1. Renal pyramid | 2. Interlobular artery | 3. Renal artery | 4. Renal vein | 5. Renal hilum | 6. Renal pelvis | 7. Ureter | 8. Minor calyx | 9. Renal capsule | 10. Inferior renal capsule | 11. Superior renal capsule | 12. Interlobular vein | 13. Nephron | 14. Minor calyx | 15. Major calyx | 16. Renal papilla | 17. Renal column
Chronic kidney disease occurs when one suffers from gradual and usually permanent loss of kidney function over time. With loss of kidney function, there is an accumulation of water; waste; and toxic substances, in the body, that are normally excreted by the kidney. Although the major causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes and hypertension. The stage-5 patient is called end stage or chronic kidney disease patient.
| Stage | Description | GFR*mL/min/1.73m2 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Slight kidney damage with normal or increased filtration | More than 90 |
| 2 | Mild decrease in kidney function | 60-89 |
| 3 | Moderate decrease in kidney function | 30-59 |
| 4 | Severe decrease in kidney function | 15-29 |
| 5 | Kidney failure | Less than 15 (or dialysis) |
Data from hospital, urban and underprivileged population based studies suggest that there is 16-18% of kidney disease treatment available in Bangladesh. Chronic glomerulonephritis (proteinuria and bilaterally narrow kidneys) and interstitial nephropathy, according to data from hospital-based trials and dialysis centres, account for 37% of ESRD triggers.
RRT in ESRD patients is the less priority area in Bangladesh because of government policy on health. The priority areas are prevention of communicable disease, mother and child health and family planning. As a result, there are few government hospitals offering Kidney disease treatment in Bangladesh. Most of the RRT is offered by non-government hospitals, clinics and NGOs.
Stem Cell Cure Bangladesh offers stem cell treatment for kidney disease cases because if patient is in acute or sub-acute kidney disease stage then stem cell treatment is the best option which can avoid further kidney dialysis and may also avoid further kidney transplant in future but if patient is in end stage of kidney disease or also called CKD (chronic kidney disease) and taking dialysis then stem cell treatment cannot stop dialysis but it may reduce the frequency of dialysis (like if patient is taking twice in week then it may be once in week or patient is taking thrice in week then it may be twice in a week) but stem cell treatment cannot stop dialysis completely in case of end stage of kidney disease.
